Dr. Chou Technologies, Inc

<body> <table border="0" width="900" align="center" height="28"> <tr> <td width="900" height=""> <h2 style="margin-right:10;" align="right"><i><font size="2" face="arial">last updated 10/22/2017last updated 10/22/2017</font></i><fONT color="#0000ff" face="Tahoma"><b><i>Antioxidants from Sugar Cane</i></b></FONT><b><i></i></b></h2> <div align="left"> <table"cellSpacing="0" cellPadding="0" width="100%" align=left border=0> <tbody> <TR> <td width="100%"> <p align=justify><font size="2" face="Tahoma"><b><i>Recent research has demonstrated relationship between the aging process and the damaging effects of free radicals on tissue cells, and the beneficial impact on blood plasma antioxidant capacity of the increased daily intake of antioxidant-rich foods. The Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) method to quantify the antioxidant property was developed at USDA several years ago, and has since then been used to rank (ORAC units/100 g) common foods. Prunes (5,770), raisins (2,830), and blueberries (2,400) top the list, trailed by such health food industry favourites as kale (1,770), spinach (1,260) and Brussels sprouts (980).</i></b></FONT><b><i></i></b></P> <P align=justify><FONT size=2 face=Tahoma><b><i>In a recent work by <SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><A title="Properties Sugarcane Extracts.htm" href="http://www.esugartech.com/documents/Properties%20Sugarcane%20Extracts.htm" target=_top>Dr. Saska</A> </SPAN>of Louisiana State University, the ORAC analysis was performed on a series of sugarcane products, with the results ranging from some 5000 (ORAC units/100g dried solid) to over 35,000, indicating strong antioxidant properties, comparable, if not superior, to those previously reported for the top-antioxidant-rich fruits. <SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><A href="http://www.esugartech.com/documents/USDAscientistHealthyColors.htm">USDA scientists</A> </SPAN> have recommended an intake of 3000 to 5000 ORAC units/ per day.</i></b></FONT><b><i></i></b></P> <P align=justify><FONT size=2 face=Tahoma><b><i>Antioxidants in concentrated sugarcane extracts obtained from cane juice,  using Polymeric Adsorbents for extraction, was found by <SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><A title="Properties Sugarcane Extracts.htm" href="http://www.esugartech.com/documents/Properties%20Sugarcane%20Extracts.htm" target=_top>Dr. Saska</A> </SPAN> and <A href="http://www.esugartech.com/HomePage,%20Introduction/Company.htm">Dr. Chou </A> to contain over one million ORAC units/100g dried solid.</i></b></FONT><b><i></i></b></P> <P align=justify><FONT size=2 face=Tahoma><b><i>In two <SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><A href="http://www.esugartech.com/documents/Japanese%20Study.HTM" target=_top>Japanese studies</A></SPAN>, published in 2001 and 2002 Sugar Industries Technologists Technical proceedings, sugarcane extracts are found to have many other beneficial <SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><A href="http://www.esugartech.com/documents/Summary_Physiological_Function.htm">physiological functions</A><O:P> </O:P></SPAN> as shown in the attachment.</i></b></FONT><b><i></i></b></P> <P align=justify><FONT size=2 face=Tahoma><b><i>The sugarcane extracts/antioxidants can be obtained by using Polymeric Adsorbents in the production of sugar.</i></b></FONT><b><i></i></b></P> <P><b><i> </i></b></P> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD width="100%"> <P align=right><b><i>last updated 09/14/08</i></b><b><i></i></b></P> </TD> </TR> </TBODY> </TABLE> </DIV> <P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-INDENT: 0in"><b><i> </i></b></P> <p><font size="3" face="Arial"> </font></p> </td> </tr> </table> <table border="0" width="900" align="center" height="28"> <tr> <td width="900" height=""> <H2 align=center><span style="font-size:16pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green">Antioxidants from Sugar Cane</font></span><b></b></H2> <DIV align=left> <TABLE cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%" align=left border=0> <TBODY> <TR> <TD width="100%"> <P align=justify><FONT size=2 face=Tahoma><b>Recent research has demonstrated relationship between the aging process and the damaging effects of free radicals on tissue cells, and the beneficial impact on blood plasma antioxidant capacity of the increased daily intake of antioxidant-rich foods. The Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) method to quantify the antioxidant property was developed at USDA several years ago, and has since then been used to rank (ORAC units/100 g) common foods. Prunes (5,770), raisins (2,830), and blueberries (2,400) top the list, trailed by such health food industry favourites as kale (1,770), spinach (1,260) and Brussels sprouts (980).</b></FONT><b></b></P> <P align=justify><FONT size=2 face=Tahoma><b>In a recent work by <SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><A title="Properties Sugarcane Extracts.htm" href="http://www.esugartech.com/documents/Properties%20Sugarcane%20Extracts.htm" target=_top>Dr. Saska</A> </SPAN>of Louisiana State University, the ORAC analysis was performed on a series of sugarcane products, with the results ranging from some 5000 (ORAC units/100g dried solid) to over 35,000, indicating strong antioxidant properties, comparable, if not superior, to those previously reported for the top-antioxidant-rich fruits. <SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><A href="http://www.esugartech.com/documents/USDAscientistHealthyColors.htm">USDA scientists</A> </SPAN> have recommended an intake of 3000 to 5000 ORAC units/ per day.</b></FONT><b></b></P> <P align=justify><FONT size=2 face=Tahoma><b>Antioxidants in concentrated sugarcane extracts obtained from cane juice,  using Polymeric Adsorbents for extraction, was found by <SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><A title="Properties Sugarcane Extracts.htm" href="http://www.esugartech.com/documents/Properties%20Sugarcane%20Extracts.htm" target=_top>Dr. Saska</A> </SPAN> and <A href="http://www.esugartech.com/HomePage,%20Introduction/Company.htm">Dr. Chou </A> to contain over one million ORAC units/100g dried solid.</b></FONT><b></b></P> <P align=justify><FONT size=2 face=Tahoma><b>In two <SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><A href="http://www.esugartech.com/documents/Japanese%20Study.HTM" target=_top>Japanese studies</A></SPAN>, published in 2001 and 2002 Sugar Industries Technologists Technical proceedings, sugarcane extracts are found to have many other beneficial <SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><A href="http://www.esugartech.com/documents/Summary_Physiological_Function.htm">physiological functions</A><O:P> </O:P></SPAN> as shown in the attachment.</b></FONT><b></b></P> <P align=justify><FONT size=2 face=Tahoma><b>The sugarcane extracts/antioxidants can be obtained by using Polymeric Adsorbents in the production of sugar.</b></FONT><b></b></P> <P><b> </b></P> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD width="100%"> <P align=right><I><b>last updated 09/14/08</b></I><b></b></P> </TD> </TR> </TBODY> </TABLE> </DIV> <P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-INDENT: 0in"><b> </b></P> <p><font size="3" face="Arial"> </font></p> </td> </tr> </table> <table border="0" width="900" align="center" height=""> <tr> <td width="900" height=""> <p ALIGN="LEFT" style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font FACE="TimesNewRomanPSMT"> </font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">The role of dietary antioxidants in protecting tissues and cells against harmful effects of free radicals has been widely publicized (Weller, 1999) and numerous preparations extracted from natural sources are available to the public as dietary supplements (Prior and Cao, 1999). A purified extract of bilberry, for example, rich in anthocyanins, was found to be effective in human subjects for reducing the clinical symptoms of lowered capillary resistance and increased retinal sensitivity. Extracts of strawberry and spinach were found to enhance the age-related functions of brain in rats, while blueberry extracts reduced the lung damage in rats subjected to pure oxygen. Extracts of green tea, Gingko biloba, grape seed and many others, and their therapeutic effects, are well known. </span></font></p> <p ALIGN="center" style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Table I: Antioxidant properties (ORAC values in &fnof;Ýmole TE/100 g) of various highantioxidant fruits and vegetables (Weller, 1999) </span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> <div align="center"> <center> <table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;" bordercolor="#111111" width="40%" height="97"> <tr> <td width="50%" height="17" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"> <font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Prunes </span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> </td> <td width="50%" height="17" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"> <font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">5,800</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" height="19" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"> <font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Raisins</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> </td> <td width="50%" height="19" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"> <font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"> 2,800</span></font></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" height="19" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"> <font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Blueberries</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> </td> <td width="50%" height="19" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"> <font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"> 2,400</span></font></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" height="19" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"> <font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Oranges</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> </td> <td width="50%" height="19" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"> <font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"> 750</span></font></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" height="19" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"> <font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Red grapes </span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> </td> <td width="50%" height="19" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"> <font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">700</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" height="19" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"> <font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Kale</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> </td> <td width="50%" height="19" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"> <font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"> 1,800</span></font></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" height="19" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"> <font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Spinach </span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> </td> <td width="50%" height="19" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"> <font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">1,300</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> </td> </tr> </table> </center> </div> <p ALIGN="LEFT" style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"> <font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Blackstrap molasses, a byproduct of processing of sugarcane have long been touted for their therapeutic values, mineral contents, etc, albeit with little or no verifiable evidence of biological effects, and are widely available through the health food industry. </span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> <p ALIGN="LEFT" style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"> <font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Physiological effects of four types sugar cane extracts have been described recently by Japanese researchers (Nagai etal, 2001; Koge etal, 2002), viz. promotion of resistance against viral and bacterial infections, stimulation of immune response, protection against liver injuries, free radical scavenging activity and growth promotion in chickens. </span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> <p ALIGN="LEFT" style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><u><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) of Sugarcane Products and Extracts</span></font></u><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> <p ALIGN="LEFT" style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">ORAC (Cao etal, 1993, 1995), a quantitative method of measuring the antioxidant activity of plasma, foods, natural extracts, etc. has become a standard, although not unique, method over the last five years and ORAC values, in &fnof;Ýmole TE, Trolox (a soluble analogue of Vitamin E, used as a standard) equivalents per 100 g are available in the literature (Table I) for a number of common fruits, vegetables and other antioxidant rich food supplements. In addition, a more recent refinement has been the differentiation between "fast", "slow" and total or "whole" antioxidant capacity, referred to in the following, respectively, as "95% ORAC", "50% ORAC" and "whole ORAC" (Genox, 2001). </span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> <p ALIGN="LEFT" style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Five common edible molasses products (Table II) available on the U.S.market have been selected and characterized by their composition and antioxidant capacity (Tables II and III). Products A �V D are sugarcane-based products, while E is a corn liquor-based product with a minor amount of sugarcane based liquor blended in. </span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> <p ALIGN="center" style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Table II: Five edible molasses products available in the US retail market.</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> <div align="center"> <center> <table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;" bordercolor="#111111" width="59%"> <tr> <td width="33%"> <p align="center" style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Code</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></td> <td width="67%"> <p align="center" style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"> Product</span></font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="33%"> <p align="center" style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">A </span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></td> <td width="67%"> <p align="center" style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Steen's Home Style Molasses</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="33%"> <p align="center" style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">B </span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></td> <td width="67%"> <p align="center" style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Wholesome Foods Organic Blackstrap</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="33%"> <p align="center" style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">C </span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></td> <td width="67%"> <p align="center" style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Mott's Grandma's Molasses</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="33%"> <p align="center" style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">D</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></td> <td width="67%"> <p align="center" style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"> B&G Foods Brer Rabbit</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="33%"> <p align="center" style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">E</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></td> <td width="67%"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"> Karo's Dark Corn with Refiners' Syrup</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> </td> </tr> </table> </center> </div> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Table III: </span></font></p> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Composition of the five edible molasses products. RDS = refractometric dry solids, color in ICUMSA units, all others in g/100 g.</span></font></p> <p ALIGN="LEFT" style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"> <font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Sample RDS Sucrose Glucose Fructose Ash Color </span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> <div align="center"> <center> <table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;" bordercolor="#111111" width="80%"> <tr> <td width="10%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Sample</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> </td> <td width="10%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">RDS</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> </td> <td width="10%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Sucrose</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> </td> <td width="10%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Glucose</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> </td> <td width="10%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Fructose</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> </td> <td width="17%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Ash</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> </td> <td width="17%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Color</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="10%" align="center"> <p align="center" style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">A </span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></td> <td width="10%" align="center"> <p align="center" style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">80 </span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></td> <td width="10%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">33 </span></font><span style="font-size:12pt;"> </span> <font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> </td> <td width="10%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">18 </span></font><span style="font-size:12pt;"> </span> <font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> </td> <td width="10%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">17 </span></font><span style="font-size:12pt;"> </span> <font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> </td> <td width="17%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">3.4</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> </td> <td width="17%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"> 38,300</span></font></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="10%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">B</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> </td> <td width="10%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"> 79</span></font></p> </td> <td width="10%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"> 35</span></font></p> </td> <td width="10%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"> 8 </span></font> </p> </td> <td width="10%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">10 </span></font><span style="font-size:12pt;"> </span> <font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> </td> <td width="17%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">5.8</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> </td> <td width="17%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"> 186,800</span></font></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="10%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">C </span></font><span style="font-size:12pt;"> </span> <font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> </td> <td width="10%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">78 </span></font><span style="font-size:12pt;"> </span> <font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> </td> <td width="10%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">30</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> </td> <td width="10%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"> 18</span></font></p> </td> <td width="10%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"> 17</span></font> </p> </td> <td width="17%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">3.1</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> </td> <td width="17%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"> 69,000</span></font></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="10%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">D</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> </td> <td width="10%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"> 79</span></font></p> </td> <td width="10%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"> 30</span></font> </p> </td> <td width="10%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">16</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> </td> <td width="10%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"> 18</span></font> </p> </td> <td width="17%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">4.6 </span></font><span style="font-size:12pt;"> </span> <font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> </td> <td width="17%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">89,400</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="10%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">E </span></font><span style="font-size:12pt;"> </span> <font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> </td> <td width="10%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">76</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> </td> <td width="10%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"> 2</span></font></p> </td> <td width="10%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"> 14</span></font></p> </td> <td width="10%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"> 1</span></font></p> </td> <td width="17%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"> 0.68</span></font> </p> </td> <td width="17%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">4,000</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> </td> </tr> </table> </center> </div> <p ALIGN="LEFT" style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Of the sugarcane products A �V D, only B, based on its high color and sugar composition, corresponds to "blackstrap" molasses, the others are lower color products with higher contents of sugars and lower ash. </span></font></p> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Table IV: </span></font></p> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Antioxidant capacity of the five commercial edible molasses products. ORAC in ?Ymole TE/100 g dry solids.</span></font></p> <div align="center"> <center> <table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;" bordercolor="#111111" width="80%" height="120"> <tr> <td width="25%" height="19"> <p align="center" style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Sample 95% </span></font><span style="font-size:12pt;"> </span><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font> </td> <td width="25%" height="19"> <p align="center" style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">ORAC 50%</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></td> <td width="25%" height="19"> <p align="center" style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"> ORAC</span></font></td> <td width="25%" height="19"> <p align="center" style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"> WHOLE ORAC</span></font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="25%" align="center" height="19"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">A</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> </td> <td width="25%" height="19"> <p align="center" style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"> 1,170</span></font></td> <td width="25%" height="19"> <p align="center" style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">1,840 </span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></td> <td width="25%" height="19"> <p align="center" style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">4,440</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="25%" align="center" height="19"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">B</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> </td> <td width="25%" height="19"> <p align="center" style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">6,430</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></td> <td width="25%" height="19"> <p align="center" style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">8,860</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></td> <td width="25%" height="19"> <p align="center" style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"> 11,370</span></font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="25%" align="center" height="20"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">C</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> </td> <td width="25%" height="20"> <p align="center" style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">1,700 </span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></td> <td width="25%" height="20"> <p align="center" style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">2,660</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></td> <td width="25%" height="20"> <p align="center" style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">5,340</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="25%" align="center" height="19"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">D</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> </td> <td width="25%" height="19"> <p align="center" style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">2,640 </span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></td> <td width="25%" height="19"> <p align="center" style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">3,740</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></td> <td width="25%" height="19"> <p align="center" style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">6,180</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="25%" align="center" height="19"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">E</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> </td> <td width="25%" height="19"> <p align="center" style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">160</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></td> <td width="25%" height="19"> <p align="center" style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">260</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></td> <td width="25%" height="19"> <p align="center" style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">2,830</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></td> </tr> </table> </center> </div> <p ALIGN="LEFT" style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">The antioxidant capacity of the five products correlates very well with their color (Figure 1) as the high antioxidant polyphenol components form a large part of the sugarcane color bodies. With some variations the "95%" and "50%" ORAC values are much lower than the "whole" ORAC, indicating that a substantial part of the antioxidant capacity is from components with very slow-acting functionality </span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> <p ALIGN="center" style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Figure 1: Antioxidant capacity of the five edible molasses products correlates well with their color.</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> <p align="center" style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"><img border="0" src="antioxidants_from_sugarcane/img/figure1_orac.jpg" width="613" height="427"></span></font></p> <p ALIGN="LEFT" style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"> <font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Blackstrap molasses is a final product of sugarcane processing, that has been subjected to a number of unit operations, and a possibility exists that some of the antioxidant activity has been lost in the process. Samples of Louisiana sugarcane juice and syrups, i.e. sugarcane juice clarified with two different procedures and concentrated under vacuum were therefore analyzed (Table V). These products have only been subjected to juice extraction, vacuum concentration and, in the case of syrups, to a pH adjustment and settling, and are products with about 80 % sucrose on dry solids and a color of about 15,000 ICUMSA units. The ORAC values found are substantially higher than those of the edible molasses and identical for the concentrated juice and syrups, indicating that neither the lime nor soda ash clarification measurably reduced the antioxidant capacity. </span></font></p> <p ALIGN="center" style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"> <font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">ORAC units per 100 g dry solids. </span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> <div align="center"> <center> <table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;" bordercolor="#111111" width="75%"> <tr> <td width="34%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Sample 95%</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> </td> <td width="21%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">ORAC 50%</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> </td> <td width="20%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">  ORAC</span></font> </p> </td> <td width="25%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">WHOLE ORAC</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="34%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Conc. Cane Raw Juice</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> </td> <td width="21%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"> 6,100</span></font> </p> </td> <td width="20%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">10,200</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> </td> <td width="25%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"> 26,400</span></font></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="34%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Cane Syrup - Hot liming </span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> </td> <td width="21%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">5,700</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> </td> <td width="20%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"> 9,200</span></font></p> </td> <td width="25%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"> 27,600</span></font></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="34%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Cane Syrup - Soda ash</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> </td> <td width="21%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"> 5,400</span></font> </p> </td> <td width="20%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">10,000</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> </td> <td width="25%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"> 26,000</span></font></p> </td> </tr> </table> </center> </div> <p ALIGN="LEFT" style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">As even prolonged heating of another sample of Louisiana syrup (Table VI) did not result in any reduction of its antioxidant capacity, the high antioxidant capacity of the syrup samples that does not conform to the pattern observed in Figure 1 is yet unexplained. Geographical or varietal differences of sugarcane composition, contact with metal surfaces, air or process chemicals in the industrial process or other factors may be responsible. <font FACE="TimesNewRomanPSBoldMT"><font FACE="TimesNewRomanPSMT"> Table V: Antioxidant capacity of Louisiana sugarcane juice and syrup. </span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Table VI:</span></font></p> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Antioxidant capacity (ORAC units per 100 g dry solids) of a Louisiana sugarcane syrup before (F) and after (G) heating for 5 hours at 98  ?sC in a glass container.</span></font></p> <div align="center"> <center> <table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;" bordercolor="#111111" width="60%"> <tr> <td width="24%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Sample 95%</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> </td> <td width="22%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"> ORAC 50%</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> </td> <td width="17%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"> ORAC</span></font> </p> </td> <td width="37%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">WHOLE ORAC</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="24%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">F</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> </td> <td width="22%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"> 7,800</span></font> </p> </td> <td width="17%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">11,400</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> </td> <td width="37%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"> 35,500</span></font></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="24%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">G</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> </td> <td width="22%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"> 8,500</span></font></p> </td> <td width="17%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"> 12,400</span></font> </p> </td> <td width="37%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">35,000</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> </td> </tr> </table> </center> </div> <p ALIGN="LEFT" style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font FACE="TimesNewRomanPSBoldMT"><font FACE="TimesNewRomanPSMT"> Application of granulated activated carbon, bone char, ion exchange resins, crystallization and chromatographic method for separation of colorants, including polyphenols and flavonoids from sugarcane liquors are well established industrial processes. Therefore, some of these processes were explored to concentrate the antioxidant rich compounds contained in the sugarcane juices. An example of such an application is in Table VII, where the antioxidant capacity is given of a syrup and two kinds of extracts or concentrates. While the concentrate 1 exhibits only a minor improvement over the source/original syrup, the concentrate 2 is a very antioxidant-rich product. The very high proportion of the "fast" antioxidant capacity is remarkable, and augurs well for its therapeutic potential. </span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Table VI:</span></font></p> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Antioxidant capacity (ORAC units per 100 g dry solids) of a Louisiana sugarcane syrup before (F) and after (G) heating for 5 hours at 98  ?sC in a glass container.</span></font></p> <div align="center"> <center> <table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;" bordercolor="#111111" width="80%"> <tr> <td width="25%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Sample 95% </span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"> </span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> </td> <td width="25%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">ORAC 50% </span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"> </span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> </td> <td width="25%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">ORAC </span></font><span style="font-size:12pt;"> </span> <font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> </td> <td width="25%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">WHOLE ORAC</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="25%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Sugarcane syrup</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> </td> <td width="25%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"> 4,140</span></font></p> </td> <td width="25%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"> 6,724</span></font> </p> </td> <td width="25%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">48,930</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="25%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Concentrate 1</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> </td> <td width="25%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">35,220</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> </td> <td width="25%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">45,520</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> </td> <td width="25%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">56,870</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="25%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Concentrate 2</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> </td> <td width="25%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"> 826,000</span></font></p> </td> <td width="25%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"> 1,021,000</span></font></p> </td> <td width="25%" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"> 1,232,000</span></font></p> </td> </tr> </table> </center> </div> <p ALIGN="LEFT" style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">The whole ORAC capacity of the concentrate 2 is comparable to such well known antioxidants as caffeic and gallic acids, and exceeds that of many existing commercial antioxidant supplements (Prior and Cao, 1999), and, by a factor of one hundred or more of such health food favorites (Table I) as prunes. While its physiological functions still need to be established, it is believed that this natural extract could be produced, as a new natural or even organic product from sugarcane, at a sufficiently low cost and high volume to aid significantly the antioxidant intake of the population. A 250 mg capsule of this product would satisfy the daily recommended intake of 3,000 ORAC units (Prior and Cao, 1999) considered as minimum to sufficiently increase the serum antioxidant levels. </span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"> </span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> <p ALIGN="center" style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"> <u><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">References</span></font></u><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"> </span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> <p ALIGN="LEFT" style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Cao, G, H. M. Alession and R. G. Cutler, Oxygen-radical absorbance capacity assay for antioxidants, Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Vol. 14, 303 �V 311, 1993.</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> <p ALIGN="LEFT" style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Genox, Oxygen Radical Absorption Capacity Assay for measuring antioxidant activity, ORAC Corporation, October 2001.</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> <p ALIGN="LEFT" style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Koge, K., Y. Nagai, T. Ebashi, H. Iwabe, M. El-Abasy, M. Motobu, K. Shimura and Y. Hirota, Physiological functions of sugar cane extracts. I> Growth promotion, immunopotentiation and ant-coccidial infection effects in chickens. Proc. 61st Annual Meeting of Sugar Industry Technologists, Delray Beach, FL, May, 2002.</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> <p ALIGN="LEFT" style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Nagai, Y., T. Mizutani, H. Iwabe, S. Araki and M. Suzuki, Physiological functions of sugar cane extracts, Proc. 60th Annual Meeting of Sugar Industry Technologists, Taipei, Taiwan, May, 2001.</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> <p ALIGN="LEFT" style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Prior, R. L. and G. Cao, Variability in dietary antioxidant related natural product supplements: The need for methods standardization. Journal of the American Nutraceutical Association, Vlo. 2, No. 2, 46 �V 56, 1999.</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> <p ALIGN="LEFT" style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Weller, K. Can foods forestall aging, Agricultural Research, February 1999. Cao, G, C. P. Verdon, A. H. B. Wu, H. Wang and R. L. Prior, Automated essay of oxygen radical absorbance capacity with the COBAS FARA II, Clin. Chem., 41/12, 1738 �V 1744, 1995.</span></font><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> <p ALIGN="center" style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><u> <font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">Acknowledgments</span></font></u><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;"></span></font></p> <p ALIGN="LEFT" style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"> <font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12pt;">ORAC analyses and useful comments are gratefully acknowledged of Dr. Rama Rathnam, Director, Genox Corporation, 1414 Key Highway, Baltimore, MD 21230. </span></font></p> <p><font size="3" face="Arial"> </font></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p><font size="3" face="Arial"> </font><font size="3" face="Arial"><img border="0" src="images/japanese study table2.gif" width="616" height="388"></font></p> <p><font size="3" face="Arial">Protection Effects on Involution of Lymphoid Organs Exposed to Cold Stress</font><font color="#008000">Cane Sugar Handbook</font></p> <h4 align="center"><font color="#008000">12th Edition</font></h4> <h4 align="center"><font color="#008000">A manual for cane sugar manufacturers and their chemists</font></h4> <h4 align="center"><font color="#008000">by</font></h4> <h4 align="center"><font color="#008000">James C. P. Chen and</font> <a href="HomePage, Introduction/Company.htm#drchou"><font color="#0000FF">Chung Chi Chou</font></a></h4> <table border="0" width="900" align="center" height="28"> <tr> <td width="900"> <h2 align="center"><b><u><span style="font-size:14pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green">Handbooks</font></span></u></b><font color="green"></font></h2> <p align="center"><b><font face="Arial" color="green"><img border="0" src="handbook/img/handbook_1-400.jpg" width="269" height="400"> </font></b><font color="green"></font> <p align="center"><b><font face="Arial" color="green">C. C. Chen and </font><a href="company.html" target="_blank"><font face="Arial" color="green">Chung Chi Chou</font></a><font face="Arial" color="green">.  </font></b><font color="green"></font></p> <p align="center"><b><font face="Arial" color="green">"</font></b><span style="font-size:12pt;"><a href="handbook/cane_sugar_handbook.html" target="_blank"><font face="Arial" color="green">Cane Sugar Handbook</font></a></span><b><font face="Arial" color="green">", 12th edition, (ISBN # 0-471-53037-9)</font></b><font color="green"></font></p> <p align="center"><b> <a href="http://www.wiley.com/" target="_blank"><font face="Arial" color="green">John Wiley & Son Inc.</font></a><font face="Arial" color="green">, New York. </font></b><font color="green"></font></p> <p align="center"><b><a href="HomePage, Introduction/Company.htm#drchou"><font face="Arial" color="green"><img border="0" src="handbook/img/handbook_2-400.jpg" width="273" height="400"> </font></a></b><font color="green"></font></p> <p align="center"><b><a href="HomePage, Introduction/Company.htm#drchou"><font face="Arial" color="green">Chung Chi Chou</font></a><font face="Arial" color="green">, </font></b><font color="green"></font></p> <p align="center"><b><font face="Arial" color="green">"</font></b><span style="font-size:12pt;"><a href="handbook/handbook_of_sugar_refining.html" target="_blank"><font face="Arial" color="green">Handbook of Sugar Refining</font></a></span><b><font face="Arial" color="green">",1st edition, (ISBN # 0-471-18357-1)</font></b><font color="green"></font></p> <p align="center"><b><font face="Arial" color="green"> </font><a href="http://www.wiley.com/"><font face="Arial" color="green">John Wiley & Son Inc.</font></a><font face="Arial" color="green">, New York. </font></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <table border="0" width="900" align="center" height="2788"> <tr> <td width="900"> <h2 align="left"><u><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green">Contents</font></span></u><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green"></font></span></h2> <h4 align="left"><u><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green">Part I Introduction of Sugar Refining</font></span></u></h4> <p align="left" style="line-height: 100%"><font size="3"><font color="#663333">(1) Glossary of Terms and Definitions, </font><font color="#0000FF">Chung Chi Chou</font></font></p> <p align="left" style="line-height: 100%"><font size="3"><font color="#663333">(2) Outline of Refining Processes and Equipments,</font> <font color="#0000FF">Chung Chi Chou </font></font></p> <p align="left" style="line-height: 100%"><font size="3" color="#663333">(3) Automation in a Raw Sugar Factory, Robert J. Kwok & Eddy H. Lam</font></p> <p align="left" style="line-height: 100%"><font size="3" color="#663333">(4)Raw Sugar Storage and Handling, Hsin-Sui Chang</font></p> <h4 align="left"><u><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green">Part II: Refining Process and Operations</font></span></u></h4> <p align="left" style="line-height: 100%"><font size="3" color="#663333">(5) Affination, Thomas N. Pearson</font></p> <p align="left" style="line-height: 100%"><font size="3" color="#663333">(6) Phosphatation for Turbidity and Color Removal, Richard Riffer</font></p> <p align="left" style="line-height: 100%"><font size="3" color="#663333">(7) Carbonation for Turbidity and Color Removal, Peter Rein</font></p> <p align="left" style="line-height: 100%"><font size="3" color="#663333">(8) Granular Carbon Decolorization System, Peter J. Field & Paul Benecke</font></p> <p align="left" style="line-height: 100%"><font size="3" color="#663333">(9) A Pulse-Bed Granular Carbon Operation, Ju-Hwa Liang</font></p> <p align="left" style="line-height: 100%"><font size="3" color="#663333">(10) Ion-Exchange Resin Decolorization Process, Denise Bource and Francois Rousset</font></p> <p align="left" style="line-height: 100%"><font size="3" color="#663333">(11) Filtration Process, </font><font size="3" color="#0000FF">Chung Chi Chou</font></p> <p align="left" style="line-height: 100%"><font size="3" color="#663333">(12) Evaporation Theory and Practices, Willem H. Kampen</font></p> <p align="left" style="line-height: 100%"><font size="3" color="#663333">(13) White Sugar Boiling and Crystallization, </font><font size="3" color="#0000FF">Chung Chi Chou</font></p> <p align="left" style="line-height: 100%"><font size="3" color="#663333">(14) Centrifugation Operation, G. Clive Grinwood</font></p> <p align="left" style="line-height: 100%"><font size="3" color="#663333">(15) Refined Sugar Drying, Conditioning and Storage, Dave Meadows</font></p> <p align="left" style="line-height: 100%"><font size="3" color="#663333">(16) Packaging, Warehousing, and Shipping of Refined Products, Jean-Paul Merle</font></p> <p align="left" style="line-height: 100%"><font size="3" color="#663333">(17) Remelt and Recovery House Operations, </font><font size="3" color="#0000FF">Chung Chi Chou</font></p> <p align="left" style="line-height: 100%"><font size="3" color="#663333">(18) Application of Membrane Technology in Sugar Manufacturing, Michael</font></p> <h4 align="left"><u><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green">Part III: Refinery Design and Process Controls</font></span></u></h4> <h4 align="left"><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green"></font></span></h4> <h4 align="left"><font color="#663333">(19) Refining Design Criteria, </font><a href="HomePage, Introduction/Company.htm#drchou"><font size="3" color="#0000FF">Chung Chi Chou</font></a><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green"></font></span><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green"></font></span><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green"></font></span><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green"></font></span><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green"></font></span><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green"></font></span><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green"></font></span><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green"></font></span><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green"></font></span><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green"></font></span><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green"></font></span></h4> <p align="left" style="line-height: 100%"><font size="3" color="#663333">(20) Process Selection, Richard Riffer</font></p> <p align="left" style="line-height: 100%"><font size="3" color="#663333">(21) Instrumentation for Process Control, Walter Simoneaux, Sr.</font></p> <p align="left" style="line-height: 100%"><font size="3" color="#663333">(22) Operational Computers, Ray Burke</font></p> <p align="left" style="line-height: 100%"><font size="3" color="#663333">(23) Automation of a Sugar Refinery, Naotsugu Mera</font></p> <p align="left" style="line-height: 100%"><font size="3" color="#663333">(24) Integration of Raw and Refined Sugar Operations, Stephen J. Clarke</font></p> <p align="left" style="line-height: 100%"><font size="3" color="#663333">(25) Off-Crop Sugar Refining for a Back-End Refinery, Raoul G. R. E. Lionnet</font></p> <p align="left" style="line-height: 100%"><font size="3" color="#663333">(26) Energy Conservation for Sugar Refining, Joseph C. Tillman, Jr.</font></p> <p align="left" style="line-height: 100%"><font size="3" color="#663333">(27) Technical Control of Sucrose Loss, Joseph F. Dowling</font></p> <p align="left" style="line-height: 100%"><font size="3" color="#663333">(28) Microbiological Control in Sugar Manufacturing and Refining, Donal, F. Day</font></p> <p align="left" style="line-height: 100%"><font size="3" color="#663333">(29) Refinery Maintenance Programs, G. Fawcett, updated by </font><a href="HomePage, Introduction/Company.htm#drchou"><font size="3" color="#0000FF">Chung Chi Chou</font></a></p> <p align="left" style="line-height: 100%"><font size="3" color="#663333">(30) Environmental Quality Assurance, </font><a href="HomePage, Introduction/Company.htm#drchou"><font size="3" color="#0000FF">Chung Chi Chou</font></a></p> <h4 align="left"><u><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green">Part IV: Specialty Sugar Products</font></span></u></h4> <p align="left" style="line-height: 100%"><font color="#663333" size="3">(31) Brown of Soft Sugar, John C. Thompson</font></p> <p align="left" style="line-height: 100%"><font color="#663333" size="3">(32) Areado Soft Sugar Process, Luis San Miguel Bento and Francisco Carlos Bartolo</font></p> <p align="left" style="line-height: 100%"><font color="#663333" size="3">(33) Liquid Sugar Production, Leon Anhasier</font></p> <p align="left" style="line-height: 100%"><font color="#663333" size="3">(34) Microcrystalline Sugar, </font><a href="HomePage, Introduction/Company.htm#drchou"><font size="3" color="#0000FF">Chung Chi Chou</font></a></p> <h4 align="left"><u><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green">Part V: Chemistry of Sugar Refining</font></span></u></h4> <p align="left" style="line-height: 100%"><font size="3" color="#663333">(35) Refining Quality of Raw Sugar, Stephen J. Clarke</font></p> <p align="left" style="line-height: 100%"><font size="3" color="#663333">(36) Nonsugars and Sugar Refining, Richard Riffer</font></p> <p align="left" style="line-height: 100%"><font size="3" color="#663333">(37) Analysis of Sugar and Molasses, Walter Altenburg</font></p> <p align="left" style="line-height: 100%"> </p> <h4 align="left"><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green"></font></span></h4> <h4 align="left"><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green">Appendix : </font></span></h4> <h4 align="left"><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green">Reference TablesAbout the Editor / Author Indexarketing and Receiving, Fred R. Hill</font></span><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green"></font></span><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green"></font></span></h4> <p><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green">12</font></span><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green"></font></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green"></font></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green"></font></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green"></font></span><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green"></font></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green"></font></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green"></font></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green"></font></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green"></font></span><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green"></font></span></p> <h4 align="left"><u><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green">Production and Process Controls</font></span></u><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green"></font></span></h4> <p><font face="Arial" color="green">21.    Definitions and Terms in Sugar Factory and Refinery Controls, James C. P. Chen and Chung Chi Chou</font><font color="green"></font></p> <p><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green">22.    Chemicals Used as Sugar Processing Aids, James C. P. Chen and Chung Chi Chou</font></span><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green"></font></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green">23.    Sugar House and Refinery Calculations, James C. P. Chen and Chung Chi Chou</font></span><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green"></font></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green">24.    Chemical and Process Control (Raw House), James C. P. Chen</font></span><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green"></font></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green">25.    Technical and Sucrose Loss Control (Refinery), Joseph F. Dowling</font></span><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green"></font></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green">26.     Microbiological Control in Sugar Manufacturing and Refining, James C. P. Chen and Chung Chi Chou</font></span><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green"></font></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green">27.    Energy Conservation, Keith Sinclair</font></span><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green"></font></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green">28.    Total Quality Management System, Leon A. Anhasier</font></span><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green"></font></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green">29.    Computerized Sugar Manufacturing,</font></span><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green"></font></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green">Part (A) Conceptualized Computer Control, Michael R. T. Low</font></span><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green"></font></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green">Part (B) Process Control and Integration, Shyam Ambardar</font></span><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green"></font></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green">30.    Automation of a Sugar Refinery, Naotsugu Mera</font></span><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green"></font></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green">31.    Environmental Quality Assurance, James C. P. Chen and John Green</font></span><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green"></font></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green"> </font></span></p> <h4 align="left"><u><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green">Part Four</font></span></u><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green"></font></span></h4> <h4 align="left"><u><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green">Analytical Procedures</font></span></u><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green"></font></span></h4> <p><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green">32.    Sampling and Averaging, James C. P. Chen</font></span><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green"></font></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green">33.    Special Laboratory Reagents, James C. P. Chen</font></span><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green"></font></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green">34.    Polarimetry in Sugar Analysis, James C. P. Chen and Chung Chi Chou</font></span><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green"></font></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green">35.    Instrumental Analysis for the Sugar Industry, Chung Chi Chou</font></span><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green"></font></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green">36.    Determination of Density and Total Solids, James C. P. Chen</font></span><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green"></font></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green">37.    Determination of Ash, James C. P. Chen</font></span><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green"></font></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green">38.    Determination of pH, James C. P. Chen</font></span><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green"></font></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green">39.    Determination of Color and Turbidity in Sugar Products, Chung Chi Chou</font></span><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green"></font></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green">40.    Determination of Dextran and Starch, Walter Altenburg</font></span><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green"></font></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green">41.    Analysis of Sugarcane, James C. P. Chen</font></span><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green"></font></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green">42.    Analysis of Juice, James C. P. Chen</font></span><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green"></font></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green">43.    Analysis of the Syrup, Massecuites and Molasses, James C. P. Chen</font></span><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green"></font></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green">44. Analysis of Raw Sugars, James C. P. Chen</font></span><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green"></font></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green">45. Analysis of Refined Sugar Products, Thomas Wilson and Stanley Bichsel</font></span><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green"></font></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:12pt;"><font face="Arial" color="green">46. Analysis of Bagasses and Filtercake, James C. P. Chen</font></span></p> </td> </tr> </table> <h4 align="center">This page uses frames, but your browser doesn't support them.</h4> </body>